Atopic Dermatitis – Symptoms, Triggers, and Management

Atopic Dermatitis – Symptoms, Triggers, and Management

When the skin starts to itch and leave red scars on the face, legs, and arms, one has atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema. While the exact cause of this skin condition is unknown, one of the contributing factors may be the overproduction of cells in the immune system. Avoiding triggers and lifestyle changes may help ease the discomfort. Here are a few essential aspects to know about atopic dermatitis.

Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis
Various internal and physical factors can trigger a flare-up of atopic dermatitis, resulting in an itching sensation that does not seem to relent. Scratching may temporarily relieve discomfort but causes more complications, such as inflammation and skin infections. The primary symptom of this condition is dry and itchy skin that turns red, but several other concerning signs may show up, including

  • Dry and scaly skin
  • Rashes on the face and neck
  • Rashes that release fluid
  • Darkening of the skin around the eyes
  • Cracked skin that bleeds
  • Swollen discolored skin

Triggers of Atopic Dermatitis
Inflammation resulting from a misdirected immune system reaction is often seen in those with atopic dermatitis. Such a condition also creates an altered barrier that makes the skin highly susceptible to dryness and infection. The flare-ups can be the result of common lifestyle and environmental triggers like

  • Mold and pollen
  • Strong soaps and detergents
  • Makeup products and perfume
  • Dry air
  • Low humidity
  • Stress
  • Smog
  • Animal dander
  • Dust
  • Sand
  • Strenuous exercise
  • Synthetic material and wool
  • Heat
  • Scratches

Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis does not yet have a cure, but the right treatment method may help decrease the discomfort caused by the symptoms and can also help reduce the risk of skin infections. Hence, it is incredibly important to take the advice of a healthcare expert and plan out a treatment regime that works best. Some of the treatment options to help manage the symptoms of atopic dermatitis include

Usage of ointments
Various ointments and skin creams are available to help ease the irritation of the skin and help it remain hydrated.

Home remedies
Regularly moisturizing the skin is the best way to keep the skin from drying up. This step helps keep the skin hydrated and creates a protective layer over the skin to trap moisture.

Changes in lifestyle
As atopic dermatitis flare-ups are the effects of triggers, it is of utmost importance to steer clear of these triggers and accommodate changes that help ease the discomfort. Brief baths, gently patting skin to dry, and choosing fragrance-free products will greatly help.

Phototherapy
Most people suffering from eczema often find ultraviolet light therapy beneficial. This treatment includes shining a UVB light in controlled doses over the affected areas to reduce inflammation and itchiness. It also helps the body create Vitamin D to fight infections and bacteria.

Wet Dressings
The application of wet dressings, better known as wet-wrap therapy, helps improve the symptoms of eczema, as it provides the skin with moisture and prevents it from becoming dry and scaly.

Tips for Managing Atopic Dermatitis
While relieving the symptoms of atopic dermatitis is extremely difficult, these issues can easily be managed with the help of extra care. Here are a few easy-to-do tips to ease the discomfort of atopic dermatitis that are immensely helpful to the patients:

Shower with lukewarm water
A short shower, approximately 5 to 10 minutes in lukewarm water, ensures the skin remains hydrated. A hot-water shower may dry and irritate the skin; it is suggested to take a shower in lukewarm water that does not cause any irritation to the skin.

Wear 100% cotton clothes
Synthetic materials and wool are known triggers of atopic dermatitis. Hence, the patients should wear only 100% cotton clothes that let their skin breathe. Also, avoid wearing tight-fitting clothes that might add to the discomfort of the skin.

Test Skincare Products Before Use
In addition to fragrance in skincare products, the other ingredients of multiple skincare products may cause the skin to become irritated. This can either lead to a flare-up or worsen the present skin condition. So, always test the products by applying them to a small skin area and leave them there for 24 hours to check for any reactions.

Protect the Skin from Extreme Temperatures
Extreme temperatures such as those above 100 degrees Fahrenheit and below zero might cause the skin to dry up, and this issue can lead to a flare-up and cause a lot of discomfort to the patient. One is also advised to steer clear of extreme heat, as too much sweat can irritate the skin.

Choose Fragrance-free Products
The fragrance added to soaps, detergents, and other products is one of the triggers of an AD flare-up. This can be avoided by using products that are labeled as fragrance-free. Additionally, avoid unscented products as the fragrance in these products is masked. Even though there is no smell, its fragrance will still trigger flare-ups.

Apply Coconut Oil
Applying virgin cold pressed coconut oil on the affected skin can help moisturize the area and protect it from contracting bacteria to avoid skin infections.

Practice Meditation and Breathing Exercises
Atopic dermatitis flares up and is mainly triggered by stress. In such a situation, the patient can try practicing meditation and breathing exercises to ease their stress and calm their nerves. This can be done either with the help of meditation music or by just practicing breathing exercises.

Don’t Scratch and Rub the Skin
Those with atopic dermatitis are often susceptible to itching. If the affected area begins to itch during a flare-up, it is advised to moisturize it instead of scratching or rubbing against the skin. This might develop not only an itch-scratch cycle but also increase the severity of the rashes.

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Known Signs of Hemophilia and Anemia

Bleeding disorders refer to a group of conditions like hemophilia or anemia that interfere with normal blood functions in the body. Hemophilia affects the ability of the blood cells to clot naturally, while anemia lowers hemoglobin count in the red blood cells. These conditions exhibit a unique set of symptoms that can be identified. Early diagnosis helps doctors form a viable healthcare plan. So, it pays to know and identify the following symptoms. Hemophilia and Anemia: Understanding the difference Both conditions are common bleeding disorders. However, anemia & hemophilia signs are distinctly different from each other when it comes to the disease progression. The latter is a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cell’s ability to clot and close wounds. Certain clotting factors in the blood bind with the red blood cells to prevent uncontrolled bleeding. Anemia is a condition where the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells in the first place. Also, a low hemoglobin count affects the red blood cell’s ability to carry oxygen to vital organs and extremities via the circulatory system. Genetic mutation triggers most known types of hemophilia, while certain nutritional deficiencies in the body trigger common forms of anemia. Symptoms of hemophilia The absence of essential clotting factors in the blood can trigger a variety of noticeable and unusual symptoms. Uncontrolled bleeding Bleeding is one of the primary symptoms of hemophilia. It can happen under the skin or in the joints. As the red blood cells are unable to bind and clot, this pool of blood can trigger swelling, pain, and tightness in the joints. This symptom is most commonly noticeable in the knees, elbows, and ankles. Blood collecting under the skin can lead to buildups under the muscle and soft tissue to cause more painful bruising. This symptom is called hematoma in medical terminology. Frequent nosebleeds When the bleeding is triggered externally, it can result in frequent nosebleeds that can be difficult to stop. Note that external environmental factors and physical injuries generally cause nosebleeds. So, any unexplained bleeding could indicate a developing condition. Bleeding caused due to cuts, bruises, and vaccinations Lack of essential clotting factor VIII can trigger bleeding from the lightest of impacts, cuts, bruises, or even after losing a tooth. Some people experience sudden bleeding after taking a vaccination. This could be the body’s reaction to producing antibodies, but the strain could be too much to bear, resulting in bleeding from the extremities. Blood in urine or stool Excess blood in the urine or stool is a clear sign of disease progression. The urine and stools appear dark red or even blackish due to the presence of red blood cells mixed with the excreta. Immediate medical assistance is advisable for visual symptoms. Bleeding in infants Complicated pregnancies can be physically taxing for both the mother and the child leading to possible symptoms of hemophilia at birth. But in some rare cases, infants may experience internal bleeding in the head. Symptoms of anemia The most common types of anemia, including iron deficiency anemia and vitamin deficiency anemia, develop due to the lack of nutrients in the body. Therefore, anemia exhibits more physically taxing symptoms as the condition worsens. Tiredness Increased fatigue and weakness for no apparent reason is one of the main indicators of nutritional deficiencies. An unexplained decrease in overall stamina with no physical exertion or any activity during the day could mean low iron in the blood. Without iron, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells. And low hemoglobin means not enough oxygen is being circulated around vital organs in the body, thus resulting in fatigue induced by low energy levels. Respiratory symptoms Experiencing shortness of breath, chest pains, and even noticing an irregular heartbeat could indicate a possible anemic condition. An iron deficiency lowers hemoglobin count, and this means not enough oxygen is being circulated by the blood. Low hemoglobin affects the breathing rate as the body struggles to extract more oxygen resulting in shortness of breath. The heart must also put in extra efforts to pump the low hemoglobin blood forcefully, thus resulting in irregular heartbeats. Doctors refer to this condition as heart palpitations. These symptoms can also induce chest pains due to the sheer stress being put on the organ. Pale skin and damaged hair Skin and hair symptoms are visible indicators of a developing anemia condition. An iron deficiency results in low red blood cell production and indirectly affects the shade of the skin. Pale skin is noticeably visible around the face, gums, lower lips, lower eyelids, and even on the nails. This symptom is more visually obvious among people who flaunt a lighter skin tone. Also, hair thinning, hair fall, and a damaged scalp is a clear sign of iron deficiency. Treatment options Note that anemia & hemophilia signs never overlap. Once the primary indicators are confirmed, doctors quickly suggest blood tests to identify the leading causes or triggers. Knowing the differences can help with prompt diagnosis even though both the conditions are bleeding disorders. It is even possible to recover from common forms of anemia within 2 to 3 months. Hemophilia is a more serious bleeding disorder that is treated by introducing the missing clotting factors. Doctors also suggest prescriptions that help stimulate the body to release more clotting factors. However, a transfusion offers more promising results for moderate to severe progression. Effective preventive measures and home remedies can help lower the risk of bleeding. These conditions cannot be completely cured. But it is possible to improve the quality of life by incorporating healthy lifestyle habits. Prescriptions and treatments only help slow down the disease progression.

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9 Supplements That Help in Managing Eczema

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common inflammatory skin disorder that makes the skin become dry, itchy, flushed, rough, red, cracked, or bumpy. Eczema flares can be brought on by allergies, a hyperactive immune system, irritants, harsh weather, hormonal imbalances, stress, or mental disorders. While its severity varies from person to person, some supplements can be safe and effective additions to overall eczema health care and help control the flare-ups. Top supplements Deficiencies of essential nutrients play a major role in worsening one’s eczema symptoms. Based on the doctor’s advice, one can include the following supplements in addition to food in one’s daily nutritional regimen to help manage eczema: Vitamin D One’s skin produces vitamin D when exposed to the sun. Several foods naturally contain vitamin D, and it is also widely available as a supplement. Certain studies have shown a direct correlation between vitamin D and eczema. One evaluation found that it helped lower the severity of eczema symptoms, while another study indicated a link between lower vitamin D levels with increased eczema severity in children. Around two-thirds of the investigations suggested that taking vitamin D supplements is beneficial for treating inflammation. Vitamin E Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient that features in many skin care products. This vitamin is capable of shielding the skin from oxidative stress. Certain studies have discovered that it is not only safe and beneficial for normal skin, but it might also help in easing eczema flare-ups. In a 4-month study by an Iranian institute, participants with eczema symptoms were split into two groups. The one that took 400 IU of vitamin E daily had significant reductions in the severity of their eczema and its accompanying symptoms, such as itching, compared to another group that received placebo treatment. Vitamin A Skin problems like eczema may be brought on by a lack of vitamin A in the body. The nutrient heals, repairs, and creates new skin cells and supports the skin's ability to combat eczema-related skin irritation and inflammation. One may experience skin barrier damage and be more likely to develop eczema when affected by vitamin A deficiency. So, to avoid skin issues and deal with eczema, one can opt for supplements or foods high in vitamin A, such as carrots, broccoli, and sweet red peppers. Vitamin C One of the most effective antioxidants for preserving skin barriers and preventing skin diseases is vitamin C. Additionally, vitamin C contributes to the maintenance of the skin’s hydration and pH balance by helping prevent water loss from the skin. For the epidermal skin layers, a concentration of 65–100 grams is particularly useful. Evening primrose oil and borage oil Two natural supplements commonly promoted as treatment options for eczema are primrose oil and borage seed oil. Both are high in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which is a type of omega-6 fatty acid. A body that’s deficient in essential fatty acids is more prone to eczema flare-ups. While some omega-6 fatty acids—like linoleic and arachidonic acids—promote inflammation, GLA does the opposite. So, opting for evening primrose oil may reduce inflammation and avoid blood clotting. Fish oil and omega-3 fatty acids Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their strong anti-inflammatory qualities. They are found in large quantities in fish oil, which can help soothe dry and itchy skin. Research to establish the link is ongoing, but many studies have demonstrated the benefits of fish oil supplements for people with inflammatory illnesses. Additionally, it is considered to be a safe option for most people. Probiotics Human gastrointestinal tract houses trillions of bacteria. While good bacteria promote healthy digestion, strengthen the immune system, and support overall health, certain types of bacteria can cause eczema and skin irritation. One way to enhance one’s gut microbiome and reduce eczema symptoms is to opt for foods rich in probiotics or probiotic supplements. The effect of probiotics differs from person to person, but largely they have been proven to improve skin condition and hydrate it within months after regular consumption. It can take some trial and error to narrow down the probiotic supplement that best suits one’s body. So it is advisable to talk to one’s dermatologist before choosing this supplement. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium: Amongst the variety of probiotic supplements currently available, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria are a class of probiotic bacteria that are used extensively in healthcare. They aid the human body in carrying out vital processes like breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and starving harmful bacteria. Many studies have shown that these mixed strains help significantly prevent eczema symptoms like itching and sleeplessness, especially in children. Melatonin Melatonin is more commonly used as a sleep supplement, but studies have shown that it can also help treat eczema. It regulates one’s sleep cycle and body temperature and functions as an antioxidant that improves skin hydration levels. So, it can help in kicking off anti-inflammatory activities and reduce eczema flare-ups that tend to keep a person awake at night. Collagen Supplements containing collagen improve skin health and shield it from irritation, itching, and other unpleasant symptoms. It improves skin moisture and maintains one’s pH levels. Collagen supplements can have remarkable positive results for the skin when paired with zinc and vitamin C. It is critical to look for supplements that have been validated by clinical studies and do not contain any potentially dangerous irritants or allergens. If a supplement aggravates one’s allergies, it would not be successful in relieving eczema symptoms. It is also advisable to discuss the most suitable supplements with one’s dermatologist. An expert healthcare professional may recommend a different course of treatment for one’s eczema, severe or otherwise, after carefully considering their history of allergies and specific skin problems.  

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