Atopic Dermatitis – Symptoms, Triggers, and Management

When the skin starts to itch and leave red scars on the face, legs, and arms, one has atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema. While the exact cause of this skin condition is unknown, one of the contributing factors may be the overproduction of cells in the immune system. Avoiding triggers and lifestyle changes may help ease the discomfort. Here are a few essential aspects to know about atopic dermatitis.
Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis
Various internal and physical factors can trigger a flare-up of atopic dermatitis, resulting in an itching sensation that does not seem to relent. Scratching may temporarily relieve discomfort but causes more complications, such as inflammation and skin infections. The primary symptom of this condition is dry and itchy skin that turns red, but several other concerning signs may show up, including
- Dry and scaly skin
- Rashes on the face and neck
- Rashes that release fluid
- Darkening of the skin around the eyes
- Cracked skin that bleeds
- Swollen discolored skin
Triggers of Atopic Dermatitis
Inflammation resulting from a misdirected immune system reaction is often seen in those with atopic dermatitis. Such a condition also creates an altered barrier that makes the skin highly susceptible to dryness and infection. The flare-ups can be the result of common lifestyle and environmental triggers like
- Mold and pollen
- Strong soaps and detergents
- Makeup products and perfume
- Dry air
- Low humidity
- Stress
- Smog
- Animal dander
- Dust
- Sand
- Strenuous exercise
- Synthetic material and wool
- Heat
- Scratches
Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis does not yet have a cure, but the right treatment method may help decrease the discomfort caused by the symptoms and can also help reduce the risk of skin infections. Hence, it is incredibly important to take the advice of a healthcare expert and plan out a treatment regime that works best. Some of the treatment options to help manage the symptoms of atopic dermatitis include
Usage of ointments
Various ointments and skin creams are available to help ease the irritation of the skin and help it remain hydrated.
Home remedies
Regularly moisturizing the skin is the best way to keep the skin from drying up. This step helps keep the skin hydrated and creates a protective layer over the skin to trap moisture.
Changes in lifestyle
As atopic dermatitis flare-ups are the effects of triggers, it is of utmost importance to steer clear of these triggers and accommodate changes that help ease the discomfort. Brief baths, gently patting skin to dry, and choosing fragrance-free products will greatly help.
Phototherapy
Most people suffering from eczema often find ultraviolet light therapy beneficial. This treatment includes shining a UVB light in controlled doses over the affected areas to reduce inflammation and itchiness. It also helps the body create Vitamin D to fight infections and bacteria.
Wet Dressings
The application of wet dressings, better known as wet-wrap therapy, helps improve the symptoms of eczema, as it provides the skin with moisture and prevents it from becoming dry and scaly.
Tips for Managing Atopic Dermatitis
While relieving the symptoms of atopic dermatitis is extremely difficult, these issues can easily be managed with the help of extra care. Here are a few easy-to-do tips to ease the discomfort of atopic dermatitis that are immensely helpful to the patients:
Shower with lukewarm water
A short shower, approximately 5 to 10 minutes in lukewarm water, ensures the skin remains hydrated. A hot-water shower may dry and irritate the skin; it is suggested to take a shower in lukewarm water that does not cause any irritation to the skin.
Wear 100% cotton clothes
Synthetic materials and wool are known triggers of atopic dermatitis. Hence, the patients should wear only 100% cotton clothes that let their skin breathe. Also, avoid wearing tight-fitting clothes that might add to the discomfort of the skin.
Test Skincare Products Before Use
In addition to fragrance in skincare products, the other ingredients of multiple skincare products may cause the skin to become irritated. This can either lead to a flare-up or worsen the present skin condition. So, always test the products by applying them to a small skin area and leave them there for 24 hours to check for any reactions.
Protect the Skin from Extreme Temperatures
Extreme temperatures such as those above 100 degrees Fahrenheit and below zero might cause the skin to dry up, and this issue can lead to a flare-up and cause a lot of discomfort to the patient. One is also advised to steer clear of extreme heat, as too much sweat can irritate the skin.
Choose Fragrance-free Products
The fragrance added to soaps, detergents, and other products is one of the triggers of an AD flare-up. This can be avoided by using products that are labeled as fragrance-free. Additionally, avoid unscented products as the fragrance in these products is masked. Even though there is no smell, its fragrance will still trigger flare-ups.
Apply Coconut Oil
Applying virgin cold pressed coconut oil on the affected skin can help moisturize the area and protect it from contracting bacteria to avoid skin infections.
Practice Meditation and Breathing Exercises
Atopic dermatitis flares up and is mainly triggered by stress. In such a situation, the patient can try practicing meditation and breathing exercises to ease their stress and calm their nerves. This can be done either with the help of meditation music or by just practicing breathing exercises.
Don’t Scratch and Rub the Skin
Those with atopic dermatitis are often susceptible to itching. If the affected area begins to itch during a flare-up, it is advised to moisturize it instead of scratching or rubbing against the skin. This might develop not only an itch-scratch cycle but also increase the severity of the rashes.