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Causes, Signs, and Management of Heart Failure

Causes, Signs, and Management of Heart Failure

Heart failure occurs when one’s heart muscles are unable to pump sufficient blood and oxygen to support other organs. It does not mean that the heart stops beating entirely. Simply put, the heart is just unable to function optimally. This condition is the leading cause of death in the country, affecting roughly 5.1 million people. Here are some common signs and conditions that lead to heart failure and treatment options for it

Causes of heart failure
The following are some of the health conditions that are known to cause heart failure, also termed as congestive heart failure.

Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease is caused when cholesterol or fatty deposits accumulate on the walls of the arteries and restrict the blood flow to the heart. Narrowed arteries can also lead to chest pain, heart attack, and weakened heart muscle.

Cardiac amyloidosis
Cardiac amyloidosis, also known as stiff heart syndrome, is a condition where proteins get abnormally deposited in and around heart muscles, thus thickening the heart walls. This protein build-up damages the heart and may lead to heart failure.

Hypertension
Hypertension is a condition where one’s blood pressure is consistently higher than usual. It can be brought on by a sedentary or unhealthy lifestyle and excessive coffee consumption. This ailment weakens or stiffens the heart muscles and stops them from effectively pumping blood.

Faulty heart valves
Heart valves are tiny flaps that ensure the blood flows in the right direction. A damaged valve, which can occur due to aging, infection, or birth defect, puts pressure on the heart muscles.

Cardiomyopathy
It is a chronic disease of the heart muscles. Cardiomyopathy can be inherited, brought on by viral infections, or developed during pregnancy.

Congenital heart disease
Congenital heart disease refers to heart issues born from a range of birth defects that affect the blood flow.

Arrhythmias
The resting heart rate for a healthy person is 60 to 100 beats per minute. Arrhythmia is when the heartbeats are either faster or slower than normal. This irregularity weakens the heart, limits blood flow, and can eventually result in heart failure. Any of the conditions mentioned above, or diabetes, COVID-19 infection, or hyperthyroidism, can cause arrhythmias.

Anemia
Anemic patients may experience heart failure as a result of a deficiency in red blood cells or oxygen-carrying hemoglobin. Iron, vitamin B12, folate, and copper deficiencies are the main causes of anemia. Any intestinal disorders that don’t allow the body to absorb the nutrients can also lead to developing anemic tendencies.

Symptoms of heart failure
Heart failure develops gradually, so its symptoms can often be overlooked as seasonal or temporary discomfort. Mild heart failure can restrict one’s regular activities and make them feel weak or out of breath. Deteriorating heart health, however, can pose a serious risk in the long run.

Shortness of breath
Heart failure symptoms are common in men and women. The condition pools the lungs with fluid and interrupts one’s breathing. So, even light physical activity or exercise can leave one feeling breathless.

Chronic fatigue
Chronic fatigue due to heart failure occurs because the heart has blocked passages and has to work harder to pump oxygen-rich blood to meet the body’s needs. This leads to a generalized feeling of exhaustion even without any lifestyle changes.

Irregular heartbeat
One may experience an irregularity in one’s heartbeat for no apparent reason. This is because the heart cannot pump blood adequately throughout the body when it is failing.

Bloating and swollen body parts due to fluid retention
Fluid retention is a warning sign of progressive heart failure. Water retention could occur as a result of decreased blood supply to the kidneys. This accumulation can manifest in a number of ways, including stomach bloating, chronic coughing, swollen ankles and legs, or nausea.

Dry cough
A weak heart sends the fluid into the lungs, which can congest the lungs and lead to dry cough or wheezing. This may also result in breathing issues during physical activity, when at rest or lying flat on one’s back.

Those who suffer from heart failure often consider the early symptoms as a natural part of aging. Some warning signs like fatigue and shortness of breath do resemble age-related issues. But it’s best to get them checked early on to avoid worsening the condition. At times, some of these symptoms may also resemble lung conditions like asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Management of heart failure
Those older than 65, those born with heart defects, or those suffering from type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing the condition. Some lifestyle adjustments like regular exercise, walking, and intake of healthy food habits can reduce the risk of the disease. Additionally, one can also opt for low-salt foods, reduce stress through yoga and meditation, spend time in nature, and get plenty of rest to keep the heart healthy for a long time.

Treatments for heart failure
Heart failure is a life-threatening disorder, but it can also be cured with timely treatment. If it is suspected, a healthcare professional will run some tests, including chest X-ray, stress test, echocardiogram, or blood tests to find the root cause of the discomfort and heart blockages, if any. Here are some common treatments for heart failure:

Coronary bypass surgery
This surgery builds a new channel to restore the blood flow to the heart muscles. This treatment uses healthy blood vessels from one’s leg, arm, or chest and connects them below and above the heart’s obstructed arteries.

Heart valve replacement
This surgery aims to fix any issue in one’s malfunctioning heart valve that causes heart failure. An open heart surgery can be used to replace a heart valve.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)
CRT may be required if the lower heart chambers do not pump in unison. This surgery facilitates synchronized ventricular contraction, which enhances cardiac performance.

Ventricular assist device (VAD)
This device aids blood circulation in one’s body and is surgically implanted in the patient’s left ventricle.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)
This surgery implants a battery-powered device under the skin of the chest to detect and stop irregular heartbeats and avoid heart failure complications. In this, the patient’s heart rate is closely monitored.

Heart transplant
A heart transplant can be a suitable treatment for extreme cases. It is usually a last resort.

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Known Signs of Hemophilia and Anemia

Bleeding disorders refer to a group of conditions like hemophilia or anemia that interfere with normal blood functions in the body. Hemophilia affects the ability of the blood cells to clot naturally, while anemia lowers hemoglobin count in the red blood cells. These conditions exhibit a unique set of symptoms that can be identified. Early diagnosis helps doctors form a viable healthcare plan. So, it pays to know and identify the following symptoms. Hemophilia and Anemia: Understanding the difference Both conditions are common bleeding disorders. However, anemia & hemophilia signs are distinctly different from each other when it comes to the disease progression. The latter is a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cell’s ability to clot and close wounds. Certain clotting factors in the blood bind with the red blood cells to prevent uncontrolled bleeding. Anemia is a condition where the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells in the first place. Also, a low hemoglobin count affects the red blood cell’s ability to carry oxygen to vital organs and extremities via the circulatory system. Genetic mutation triggers most known types of hemophilia, while certain nutritional deficiencies in the body trigger common forms of anemia. Symptoms of hemophilia The absence of essential clotting factors in the blood can trigger a variety of noticeable and unusual symptoms. Uncontrolled bleeding Bleeding is one of the primary symptoms of hemophilia. It can happen under the skin or in the joints. As the red blood cells are unable to bind and clot, this pool of blood can trigger swelling, pain, and tightness in the joints. This symptom is most commonly noticeable in the knees, elbows, and ankles. Blood collecting under the skin can lead to buildups under the muscle and soft tissue to cause more painful bruising. This symptom is called hematoma in medical terminology. Frequent nosebleeds When the bleeding is triggered externally, it can result in frequent nosebleeds that can be difficult to stop. Note that external environmental factors and physical injuries generally cause nosebleeds. So, any unexplained bleeding could indicate a developing condition. Bleeding caused due to cuts, bruises, and vaccinations Lack of essential clotting factor VIII can trigger bleeding from the lightest of impacts, cuts, bruises, or even after losing a tooth. Some people experience sudden bleeding after taking a vaccination. This could be the body’s reaction to producing antibodies, but the strain could be too much to bear, resulting in bleeding from the extremities. Blood in urine or stool Excess blood in the urine or stool is a clear sign of disease progression. The urine and stools appear dark red or even blackish due to the presence of red blood cells mixed with the excreta. Immediate medical assistance is advisable for visual symptoms. Bleeding in infants Complicated pregnancies can be physically taxing for both the mother and the child leading to possible symptoms of hemophilia at birth. But in some rare cases, infants may experience internal bleeding in the head. Symptoms of anemia The most common types of anemia, including iron deficiency anemia and vitamin deficiency anemia, develop due to the lack of nutrients in the body. Therefore, anemia exhibits more physically taxing symptoms as the condition worsens. Tiredness Increased fatigue and weakness for no apparent reason is one of the main indicators of nutritional deficiencies. An unexplained decrease in overall stamina with no physical exertion or any activity during the day could mean low iron in the blood. Without iron, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells. And low hemoglobin means not enough oxygen is being circulated around vital organs in the body, thus resulting in fatigue induced by low energy levels. Respiratory symptoms Experiencing shortness of breath, chest pains, and even noticing an irregular heartbeat could indicate a possible anemic condition. An iron deficiency lowers hemoglobin count, and this means not enough oxygen is being circulated by the blood. Low hemoglobin affects the breathing rate as the body struggles to extract more oxygen resulting in shortness of breath. The heart must also put in extra efforts to pump the low hemoglobin blood forcefully, thus resulting in irregular heartbeats. Doctors refer to this condition as heart palpitations. These symptoms can also induce chest pains due to the sheer stress being put on the organ. Pale skin and damaged hair Skin and hair symptoms are visible indicators of a developing anemia condition. An iron deficiency results in low red blood cell production and indirectly affects the shade of the skin. Pale skin is noticeably visible around the face, gums, lower lips, lower eyelids, and even on the nails. This symptom is more visually obvious among people who flaunt a lighter skin tone. Also, hair thinning, hair fall, and a damaged scalp is a clear sign of iron deficiency. Treatment options Note that anemia & hemophilia signs never overlap. Once the primary indicators are confirmed, doctors quickly suggest blood tests to identify the leading causes or triggers. Knowing the differences can help with prompt diagnosis even though both the conditions are bleeding disorders. It is even possible to recover from common forms of anemia within 2 to 3 months. Hemophilia is a more serious bleeding disorder that is treated by introducing the missing clotting factors. Doctors also suggest prescriptions that help stimulate the body to release more clotting factors. However, a transfusion offers more promising results for moderate to severe progression. Effective preventive measures and home remedies can help lower the risk of bleeding. These conditions cannot be completely cured. But it is possible to improve the quality of life by incorporating healthy lifestyle habits. Prescriptions and treatments only help slow down the disease progression.

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Small fiber sensory neuropathy is a neuromuscular disorder that leads to a tingling sensation in the feet and then slowly travels through the rest of the body. This condition is a type of peripheral neuropathy, which means that it affects the peripheral nervous system of the body. Other conditions in peripheral neuropathy can affect nerves outside the brain and also the spinal cord. Let us understand small fiber sensory neuropathy and its treatment options better. Causes This is a condition that occurs when the small fibers of the peripheral nervous system get damaged. These are the nerves that carry pain, temperature, and other related symptoms to the brain or the spine, and they are also responsible for controlling digestion, heart rate, and blood pressure. These damaged nerves affect the sensory nerves, sweat glands, blood vessels, gastrointestinal system, and also the heart. It is understood that often those experiencing small fiber neuropathy also have diabetes, which could be a cause of this condition. Other conditions that may cause this disease include fabry disease, hypothyroidism, endocrine and metabolic disorder, hereditary disease, metabolic syndrome, hereditary amyloidosis, tangier disease, immune system disorders, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, Gullain-Barre syndrome, lupus, HIV, Lyme disease, vasculitis, infectious diseases, Sjogren’s syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, and hepatitis C. B12 deficiency could lead to this condition, and side effects from chemotherapy treatment may also be responsible. It is understood that when an underlying cause is not found for this condition, it is termed idiopathic. Symptoms While symptoms may vary, the pain remains the most common one among all. It starts at the feet first and then slowly travels through the body, and one might notice these symptoms in hands as well; this is known as the stocking and glove distribution. Some other common symptoms to know include loss of sensation, short bursts of pain, and a tingling, prickling, or burning sensation. In some cases, the feet touching the bed sheet or socks touching the feet may also lead to some pain. The symptoms start as mild and gradually get severe if not diagnosed and treated properly. It can affect other bodily functions and show symptoms like constipation, difficulty sweating, dizziness, dry eyes, incontinence, sexual dysfunction, skin discoloration, and dry mouth. These are part of the body's autonomic functions, which include regulation of blood pressure, digestion, and urinary function. Risk factors Anyone who has any of the above-mentioned underlying conditions is at a higher risk of developing this disease, especially those with diabetes. According to research, it is studied that 50 percent of those suffering from diabetes will eventually develop neuropathy in their lifetime, so diabetics need to be more aware. When there is no underlying cause of small fiber neuropathy, it is observed that the individuals still had some amount of glucose intolerance which is usually associated with prediabetes. Also, this is a condition noticed in men more than women and those who are aged above 65 years old. Diagnosis Individuals may have to go through various tests to diagnose the condition properly. Some of these tests include knowing the full health history of the patient, which involves personal questions about symptoms experienced and any family history which may be connected. These FAQs will identify some known or unknown conditions which affect this disease. Other tests include: Nerve conduction test and electromyography This is more of an elimination test to check if the individual is experiencing any large fiber peripheral neuropathies as the symptoms are similar to small fiber neuropathy. Once the tests are done and the result comes out to be normal, further testing is done to narrow down the diagnosis. Skin biopsy This is known to be the most effective way of diagnosing small fiber sensory neuropathy. The biopsy is only mildly invasive and the process involves taking several small skin samples from the legs to examine under a microscope. This close examination gives a better understanding of any signs of nerve damage. Reflex testing It is also known as the Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Testing, which tests the autonomic functions in the body. These are the functions that regulate blood pressure, digestion, and urinary functions. The test uses a mild electric shock therapy, which is given to the patient to observe the amount of sweat produced from the activity. If the sweat output is lower than average, then it is understood to be small fiber neuropathy. Apart from these tests, the doctor may also recommend others like genetic testing, imaging tests, or even some blood tests to be sure of the diagnosis. Treatment options The treatment mostly depends on the underlying condition that is causing this disease. If the individual is diagnosed with diabetes, then the treatment method includes managing blood sugar levels and maintaining a healthy waist to hip ratio. If the underlying condition is something else, then the treatment is changed to cater to those specific symptoms. When the small fiber neuropathy is identified to be idiopathic, then the treatment options are recommended to manage the symptoms and not treat the disease as there is no underlying cause. This can include using topical pain creams and even analgesics. Management Anyone diagnosed with this condition mostly learns to manage the pain throughout their lifetime unless there is an underlying cause and treatment is done to cure the disease. However, it should also be noted that while the symptoms gradually get severe from mild, small fiber neuropathy doesn't need to lead to large fiber neuropathy. When the pain becomes too difficult to manage and disrupts everyday life, like walking and working, the individual is eligible for disability allowance under the Social Security Association guidelines. There are several other factors to consider; however, a good attorney will be able to answer all the questions about the same.

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