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Learning about Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments of Hyperglycemia

Learning about Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments of Hyperglycemia

Glucose (or sugar) is the body’s main source of energy. It is carried throughout the body in our bloodstream to fuel aerobic and anaerobic cellular processes. The body regulates this sugar to ensure it remains at a moderate level to support vital functions. This maintenance is carried out by a hormone called insulin. Improper functioning or lack of insulin can cause a spike in blood sugar levels, also known as hyperglycemia.

Types of hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia can affect people with type-1 or type-2 diabetes. The two main types of the condition are:

Fasting hyperglycemia
This occurs when a person with diabetes has blood sugar levels above 130 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) after not drinking or eating anything for eight or more hours.

Postprandial hyperglycemia
This occurs when someone with diabetes has blood sugar levels of 180 mg/dl or more after 1-2 hours of eating.

What are the causes of hyperglycemia?
A spike in blood sugar could be caused by various reasons, such as:

Skipping insulin treatment
Consumption of excess carbohydrates
Infections or illnesses
Prolonged stress
Long periods of inactivity
Strenuous physical activity
Having high blood sugar levels for extended periods can have an adverse effect on blood cells and make a person more susceptible to medical complications over time.

What are the risk factors associated with high blood sugar?
The most common risk factors for hyperglycemia are:

Type-1 diabetes
Certain genetic or environmental factors can make some people more susceptible to high blood sugar. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, viruses and infections may also have an impact on blood sugar levels. Type-1 diabetes is generally unpreventable and begins during childhood or early adulthood. When hyperglycemia is uncontrolled in people with type-1 diabetes, it can develop into ketoacidosis, where ketones (or toxic acids) build up in the blood. This is an emergency that can lead to coma or death.

Type-2 diabetes
Many factors can increase the chances of type-2 diabetes in an individual. These include a genetic predisposition, physical inactivity, age, high triglyceride levels, low levels of good lipoprotein cholesterol, and receiving treatment for high blood pressure. People of African American, Native Alaskan, American Indian, Asian American, Hispanic, or Pacific Islander ethnicities are at higher risk of developing hyperglycemia.

What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Early signs of hyperglycemia include thirst, headaches, trouble in concentration, blurred vision, fatigue, and loss in BMI, along with blood sugar levels above 180 mg/dl. High blood sugar also attracts more water in the kidneys, causing an increase in the quantity of urine passed. People with high blood sugar may even experience sudden or unexplained weight reduction, as many of their blood cells may not be receiving glucose in the right amounts. Hyperglycemia can also lead to numbness, burning, or tingling in the hands, legs, and feet, as a result of a complication of diabetes known as diabetic neuropathy.

People with hyperglycemia may experience vaginal or skin infections, slow-healing cuts or sores, worsening of vision, nerve damage, loss of hair, erectile dysfunction, stomach or intestinal problems such as chronic constipation or diarrhea, and/or damage to the eyes, blood vessels, or kidneys. Symptoms of ketoacidosis include vomiting, dehydration, fruity breath, deep labored breathing or hyperventilation, rapid heartbeat, confusion, disorientation, or coma.

How can hyperglycemia be prevented?
To keep blood sugar levels under control, it is important to do the following:

Keep a check on the total number of carbohydrates in each meal and snack
Get blood sugar levels tested regularly
Keep doctors informed about any irregular blood sugar readings
Follow a regular exercise program
Ensure that prescribed treatments are taken on time
Wear identification at all times in case of emergencies

How is hyperglycemia treated?
People experiencing early signs of high blood sugar must consult with their doctors. Healthcare practitioners may recommend the following:

Drinking more water
Water can help remove the excess sugar in the bloodstream through urine, consequently helping avoid dehydration.

Exercising
Light exercise can help lower blood sugar levels. It is important to speak to the doctor and find the right form and intensity of exercise for each individual, as over-exertion may lead to a spike in blood sugar.

Practicing caution
People with type-1 or type-2 diabetes experiencing high blood sugar must keep an eye out for ketones. They may be advised to stop exercising if ketones are present or asked to practice caution while doing certain forms of essential exercise.

Adhering to nutritional needs
People with hyperglycemia may be asked to meet with nutrition experts to find the types and amounts of food that is right for them.

Switching treatments
Doctors may change the amount, type, or training of prescribed diabetes therapies for people experiencing hyperglycemia. Do not make any changes to treatment patterns without their prescriptions. For people with type-1 diabetes and blood sugar levels above 250 mg/dL, doctors may recommend testing urine or blood for ketones.

When should one visit a doctor?
People experiencing tiredness, increased thirst, frequent urination, or sudden weight loss must consult with a doctor. Make an appointment with the healthcare provider if the following symptoms arise:

Ongoing diarrhea or vomiting, but the body can hold down some food or drinks
Fever that lasts more than 24 hours
Blood sugar levels that stay above 240 mg/dL despite treatment
Symptoms of ketoacidosis
Trouble keeping the blood sugar levels within the target range.

Call for immediate help from doctors if the following occurs:

Ongoing diarrhea or vomiting and loss of ability to keep any food or drinks down.
Blood sugar levels above 240 mg/dL and symptoms of ketones in the urine.

Health and wellness heavily depend on keeping blood sugar levels under control for people with diabetes. To maintain their quality of life, individuals with hyperglycemia must visit their doctors periodically, follow treatments and nutrition guidelines as prescribed, and have their blood sugar levels tested regularly.

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Known Signs of Hemophilia and Anemia

Bleeding disorders refer to a group of conditions like hemophilia or anemia that interfere with normal blood functions in the body. Hemophilia affects the ability of the blood cells to clot naturally, while anemia lowers hemoglobin count in the red blood cells. These conditions exhibit a unique set of symptoms that can be identified. Early diagnosis helps doctors form a viable healthcare plan. So, it pays to know and identify the following symptoms. Hemophilia and Anemia: Understanding the difference Both conditions are common bleeding disorders. However, anemia & hemophilia signs are distinctly different from each other when it comes to the disease progression. The latter is a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cell’s ability to clot and close wounds. Certain clotting factors in the blood bind with the red blood cells to prevent uncontrolled bleeding. Anemia is a condition where the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells in the first place. Also, a low hemoglobin count affects the red blood cell’s ability to carry oxygen to vital organs and extremities via the circulatory system. Genetic mutation triggers most known types of hemophilia, while certain nutritional deficiencies in the body trigger common forms of anemia. Symptoms of hemophilia The absence of essential clotting factors in the blood can trigger a variety of noticeable and unusual symptoms. Uncontrolled bleeding Bleeding is one of the primary symptoms of hemophilia. It can happen under the skin or in the joints. As the red blood cells are unable to bind and clot, this pool of blood can trigger swelling, pain, and tightness in the joints. This symptom is most commonly noticeable in the knees, elbows, and ankles. Blood collecting under the skin can lead to buildups under the muscle and soft tissue to cause more painful bruising. This symptom is called hematoma in medical terminology. Frequent nosebleeds When the bleeding is triggered externally, it can result in frequent nosebleeds that can be difficult to stop. Note that external environmental factors and physical injuries generally cause nosebleeds. So, any unexplained bleeding could indicate a developing condition. Bleeding caused due to cuts, bruises, and vaccinations Lack of essential clotting factor VIII can trigger bleeding from the lightest of impacts, cuts, bruises, or even after losing a tooth. Some people experience sudden bleeding after taking a vaccination. This could be the body’s reaction to producing antibodies, but the strain could be too much to bear, resulting in bleeding from the extremities. Blood in urine or stool Excess blood in the urine or stool is a clear sign of disease progression. The urine and stools appear dark red or even blackish due to the presence of red blood cells mixed with the excreta. Immediate medical assistance is advisable for visual symptoms. Bleeding in infants Complicated pregnancies can be physically taxing for both the mother and the child leading to possible symptoms of hemophilia at birth. But in some rare cases, infants may experience internal bleeding in the head. Symptoms of anemia The most common types of anemia, including iron deficiency anemia and vitamin deficiency anemia, develop due to the lack of nutrients in the body. Therefore, anemia exhibits more physically taxing symptoms as the condition worsens. Tiredness Increased fatigue and weakness for no apparent reason is one of the main indicators of nutritional deficiencies. An unexplained decrease in overall stamina with no physical exertion or any activity during the day could mean low iron in the blood. Without iron, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells. And low hemoglobin means not enough oxygen is being circulated around vital organs in the body, thus resulting in fatigue induced by low energy levels. Respiratory symptoms Experiencing shortness of breath, chest pains, and even noticing an irregular heartbeat could indicate a possible anemic condition. An iron deficiency lowers hemoglobin count, and this means not enough oxygen is being circulated by the blood. Low hemoglobin affects the breathing rate as the body struggles to extract more oxygen resulting in shortness of breath. The heart must also put in extra efforts to pump the low hemoglobin blood forcefully, thus resulting in irregular heartbeats. Doctors refer to this condition as heart palpitations. These symptoms can also induce chest pains due to the sheer stress being put on the organ. Pale skin and damaged hair Skin and hair symptoms are visible indicators of a developing anemia condition. An iron deficiency results in low red blood cell production and indirectly affects the shade of the skin. Pale skin is noticeably visible around the face, gums, lower lips, lower eyelids, and even on the nails. This symptom is more visually obvious among people who flaunt a lighter skin tone. Also, hair thinning, hair fall, and a damaged scalp is a clear sign of iron deficiency. Treatment options Note that anemia & hemophilia signs never overlap. Once the primary indicators are confirmed, doctors quickly suggest blood tests to identify the leading causes or triggers. Knowing the differences can help with prompt diagnosis even though both the conditions are bleeding disorders. It is even possible to recover from common forms of anemia within 2 to 3 months. Hemophilia is a more serious bleeding disorder that is treated by introducing the missing clotting factors. Doctors also suggest prescriptions that help stimulate the body to release more clotting factors. However, a transfusion offers more promising results for moderate to severe progression. Effective preventive measures and home remedies can help lower the risk of bleeding. These conditions cannot be completely cured. But it is possible to improve the quality of life by incorporating healthy lifestyle habits. Prescriptions and treatments only help slow down the disease progression.

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8 Useful Tips for Selecting the Right Anti-Aging Products

Aging is inevitable, and there is little you can do to prevent advancing age from affecting the skin. It is only a matter of time before those fine lines and wrinkles develop, indicating skin damage. But there are a few useful products and skin care routines that you can establish to delay aging. Here are 8 useful tips to get you started on the right anti-aging products for achieving the best results with regular use. Start with hydration and moisturizing products One of the biggest skin care mistakes is not paying attention to proper hydration and moisturization to preserve the skin. Harmful UV rays and overexposure to pollution can rob the skin of its natural glow. So, the first step in your anti-aging journey is to invest in a decent SPF 30 or more, broad-spectrum, water-resistance sunscreen. Skin aging is accelerated in the sun, so ensure you put a sufficient layer of protection before spending a day at the beach or outdoors. You can also use a decent moisturizer with sunscreen, with some brands even featuring formulations of SPF 30 or SPF 45 with moisturizers in the same product. Compare skin care products Remember, aging cannot be avoided but only delayed. Common signs of aging include wrinkles, fine lines, dry skin, dark spots, and discoloration. And the type of product you use regularly will determine the outcome of your anti-aging routine. So, spend some time trying out different sunscreens, moisturizers, and serums to see what works best. Dermatologists advise against the overuse of products as the chemicals will do more damage to the skin in the long run. Use a specific product to address one major skin care concern. Using everything at once can trigger side effects, especially if you are unsure how the formulations would react. Be patient with your experimentation and use only those products that are necessary. Consider your skin type Not all antiaging products work for everyone, mainly because these products are not specifically designed to care for a particular skin type. If you have oily skin, you must choose moisturizers and sunscreens formulated especially for this skin type. The main reason being oily skin can clog skin pores and result in acne breakouts that rob the skin of its smooth texture and sheen. Acne blisters can also trigger unwanted bacterial infections on the skin's surface. Use the right product to prevent your skin from taking on too much damage. Use products as directed only Once you find the right products, read the instructions to understand how and when to apply the same. If you use a night cream during the day, its purpose won’t be served. Also, cosmetic products must be used in moderation, and most come with special applicators that release only a finite quantity. Do not overuse any product thinking it will be more effective for the anti-aging process. It is also important that you commit to a routine and stick to the schedule for cosmetic treatments as directed. Read the labels carefully Anti-aging skin care products contain specific ingredients that may or may not be suitable for your skin type. Before applying the product, you must learn to read the labels and understand the primary ingredients. Skincare experts also suggest doing a small patch test to see if there are any signs of an allergic reaction. Did you know that over a dozen labels are used to mark cosmetic products? The most common ones include Natural, Clean, Hypo-Allergenic, Non-Comedogenic, Parfum, Natural Fragrances, Fragrance-Free, Unscented, Phthalate Free, Paraben Free, Vegan, USDA Organic, Cruelty-Free, Period After Opening, and Broad Spectrum. Each label indicates a particular use, ingredient exclusion, and even expiration priority mentioned in the label. This is one of the best ways to ensure you select the right formulation according to skin type and personal preferences. Make a priority list As mentioned earlier, you cannot address your anti-aging concerns all at once. Prioritizing a few before you start using creams, serums, and even makeup cosmetics regularly is important. Overuse only increases the risk of skin irritation and doesn’t necessarily affect the outcome of your skin care routine. If you have more fine lines, then use a cream or serum first to address that problem. If adult acne and skin pigmentation are a pressing issue, switch to topical creams that counter the bacterial infection. Consider organic and chemical-free products Going organic is one of the best ways to achieve designed skin results. There are many contemporary brands that offer multiple cosmetics for daily use, right from makeup kits to skin care essentials. These are completely paraben, chemicals, additives, coloring, and even fragrance-free making the product safe to use for sensitive skin. Combating skin sensitivity also helps improve look and prevent rashes, cracked skin, or dry skin from developing due to underlying skin problems. And using organic products lowers the likelihood of complications that can arise with the regular use of cosmetics. Expensive and premium don’t guarantee results There is a misconception among many people who purchase anti-aging cosmetics. Just because you buy products from the most popular brand doesn’t necessarily mean it will bring you guaranteed results. In fact, many of the newer brands that are making products with organic formulations are more affordable than brands that have managed to capture a larger premium market share in the past few decades. Just because it's expensive doesn’t mean it will also be effective. Often, the simplest solutions and skin care remedies are more beneficial with fewer side effects in the long run. Final words Always consult an expert before making any changes to your skin care routine. You need to also understand the consequences in the long term. It is also advisable to consult with a specialist if you notice any side effects developing due to the use of certain cosmetics products. Early remedies can prevent complications and flare-ups due to skin irritation.

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