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Understanding Eczema – Symptoms, Causes, Types, and More

Understanding Eczema – Symptoms, Causes, Types, and More

Being the body’s outermost layer, the skin is exposed to external factors and is highly sensitive. Eczema is a skin condition involving skin inflammation, causing the development of patches, itchiness, roughness, and scales. Typically, patients with eczema experience intermittent spells of relapse. The disease is common among children and adults and requires lifestyle changes alongside conventional treatment. This article discusses eczema’s types, causes, symptoms, and treatment options and offers some lifestyle tips:

Types of Eczema

Atopic dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most prevalent type of eczema and typically occurs in phases over the years. This condition often develops in childhood, involving rashes, itchiness, and skin sores. Individuals with AD may also experience hay fever and asthma.

Contact dermatitis
This eczema results from an allergic reaction to an irritant, such as cosmetics, jewelry, and soaps. Although contact eczema lasts longer than other eczema types, its symptoms – including rashes, scaly skin, hyperpigmentation, skin dryness, and inflammation – can be harrowing. Patients with contact dermatitis experience instant relief upon ceasing to use the irritant.

Stasis dermatitis
Stasis dermatitis involves eczema on the lower legs, particularly the ankles, due to poor blood circulation. Some causes of stasis dermatitis include varicose veins, hypertension, and lack of physical activity. Individuals with this type of eczema undergo symptoms like swelling of the legs and difficulties with walking.

Neurodermatitis
Neurodermatitis is characterized by itchy skin and rashes on specific areas of the body. Several individuals with this condition report experiencing particularly severe itching in these body parts at night or while resting. High-stress levels and anxiety can also trigger and worsen the itchiness.

Nummular eczema
Nummular eczema or discoid dermatitis involves circular patches that may bleed and itch, causing discoloration. It may be triggered by contact dermatitis or caused by insect bites, burns, injuries, etc.

Seborrheic dermatitis
This type of dermatitis often involves flaky and itchy skin on the scalp. However, it can sometimes affect other parts of the face, such as the eyelids, ears, and nose; rarely, it also occurs on the chest, back, armpits, and groin. It can also be accompanied by nummular eczema and entails symptoms like dark-brown rashes, severe itchiness, and white or yellow scales.

What causes eczema?

Genetic predisposition
Several studies have associated genetic mutations to the gene SPINK5 as a cause of eczema. Mutations to the FLG gene – responsible for the production of a protein called filaggrin, which strengthens skin cells and protects the skin against allergens – are also linked with the onset of this condition.

Irritants
Irritants like detergents, cosmetics, jewelry, and certain fabric types can also trigger eczema. In such cases, steering clear of the irritant can instantly cure it.

Aging
Collagen formation and epidermal cell replacement reduce with age, causing wrinkles and increasing one’s susceptibility to skin issues, including eczema.

Stress
Elevated stress levels are associated with increased cortisol secretion, which can cause oily skin and trigger eczema.

Extreme temperatures
Extremely hot or cold temperatures can also trigger or worsen eczema. Excessive air moisture during winters and skin discomfort during summers are often significant factors contributing to the condition.

Common symptoms

Itching
Itchiness is one of the most common eczema symptoms, typically occurring in rashes or scales. Scratching the affected area can exacerbate the situation.

Skin dryness and inflammation
A lack of moisture causes dry skin among patients with eczema. The condition also causes skin inflammation, resulting from the skin’s resistance to factors triggering eczema.

Rashes
Gray, brown, pink, or black rashes may appear on the skin due to eczema. These rashes may appear on different body parts, such as elbows, the back of the knee, the neck, and the chest. These are often accompanied by scaly patches.

Skin thickening
The area affected by eczema often becomes thicker with time and worsens with scratching. The thickness of the skin surface is the body’s mechanism to protect itself from the condition.

Hayfever and asthma
Eczema, particularly atopic dermatitis, is often accompanied by hay fever and asthma. Some studies have demonstrated the existence of a common genetic origin among these conditions, causing their coexistence.

Skin bleeding
Skin inflammation during eczema results in the dilation of blood vessels, causing the oozing of serum and, sometimes, blood. Dry, flaky skin can trigger bleeding in some severe eczema cases.

Treatment options

Moisturizers
Lack of skin moisture is one of the leading symptoms of eczema. Thus, it is important to incorporate good moisturizers in your eczema skin-care routine. OTC creams and moisturizers containing glycerin, aloe vera, petrolatum, vitamin E, oat, niacinamide, etc., are ideal.

Ointments
Mild ointments rich in mineral oil or petroleum jelly (such as Vaseline) are highly effective in soothing eczema-affected skin.

Bleach baths
Research has demonstrated that bathing in mildly bleached water can provide considerable relief from eczema. Add a teaspoon of bleach per gallon of water and soak your body in this solution for 5-10 minutes. Apply a moisturizer immediately after bathing.

Lifestyle tips

Watch your food intake
One should consume nutritious anti-inflammatory foods like fatty fish, yogurt, and sauerkraut, flavonoid-rich foods like tomatoes and bell peppers, green vegetables like kale and spinach, and fruits like apples and blueberries. Some patients with eczema are allergic to nickel. Avoid consuming nickel-rich foods like cashews, cocoa, and soy in such cases. It is also important to avoid processed meats, refined grains, and deep-fried foods. Several online resources provide eczema-friendly recipes using anti-inflammatory ingredients.

Wear comfortable clothing
Tight clothing and rough fabric can irritate the skin, worsening eczema. Wearing light, skin-friendly clothing made of cotton, wool, or linen can help avoid discomfort.

Avoid hot showers
Hot showers and baths can irritate the skin and increase the severity of eczema symptoms. The best bet is to have short baths with lukewarm water.

Use the right soap
Using the right soap goes a long way in regulating eczema symptoms. It is advisable to use fragrance-free, preservative-free products and avoid antibacterial soaps as they reduce skin moisture considerably.

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Known Signs of Hemophilia and Anemia

Bleeding disorders refer to a group of conditions like hemophilia or anemia that interfere with normal blood functions in the body. Hemophilia affects the ability of the blood cells to clot naturally, while anemia lowers hemoglobin count in the red blood cells. These conditions exhibit a unique set of symptoms that can be identified. Early diagnosis helps doctors form a viable healthcare plan. So, it pays to know and identify the following symptoms. Hemophilia and Anemia: Understanding the difference Both conditions are common bleeding disorders. However, anemia & hemophilia signs are distinctly different from each other when it comes to the disease progression. The latter is a genetic disorder that affects the red blood cell’s ability to clot and close wounds. Certain clotting factors in the blood bind with the red blood cells to prevent uncontrolled bleeding. Anemia is a condition where the body lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells in the first place. Also, a low hemoglobin count affects the red blood cell’s ability to carry oxygen to vital organs and extremities via the circulatory system. Genetic mutation triggers most known types of hemophilia, while certain nutritional deficiencies in the body trigger common forms of anemia. Symptoms of hemophilia The absence of essential clotting factors in the blood can trigger a variety of noticeable and unusual symptoms. Uncontrolled bleeding Bleeding is one of the primary symptoms of hemophilia. It can happen under the skin or in the joints. As the red blood cells are unable to bind and clot, this pool of blood can trigger swelling, pain, and tightness in the joints. This symptom is most commonly noticeable in the knees, elbows, and ankles. Blood collecting under the skin can lead to buildups under the muscle and soft tissue to cause more painful bruising. This symptom is called hematoma in medical terminology. Frequent nosebleeds When the bleeding is triggered externally, it can result in frequent nosebleeds that can be difficult to stop. Note that external environmental factors and physical injuries generally cause nosebleeds. So, any unexplained bleeding could indicate a developing condition. Bleeding caused due to cuts, bruises, and vaccinations Lack of essential clotting factor VIII can trigger bleeding from the lightest of impacts, cuts, bruises, or even after losing a tooth. Some people experience sudden bleeding after taking a vaccination. This could be the body’s reaction to producing antibodies, but the strain could be too much to bear, resulting in bleeding from the extremities. Blood in urine or stool Excess blood in the urine or stool is a clear sign of disease progression. The urine and stools appear dark red or even blackish due to the presence of red blood cells mixed with the excreta. Immediate medical assistance is advisable for visual symptoms. Bleeding in infants Complicated pregnancies can be physically taxing for both the mother and the child leading to possible symptoms of hemophilia at birth. But in some rare cases, infants may experience internal bleeding in the head. Symptoms of anemia The most common types of anemia, including iron deficiency anemia and vitamin deficiency anemia, develop due to the lack of nutrients in the body. Therefore, anemia exhibits more physically taxing symptoms as the condition worsens. Tiredness Increased fatigue and weakness for no apparent reason is one of the main indicators of nutritional deficiencies. An unexplained decrease in overall stamina with no physical exertion or any activity during the day could mean low iron in the blood. Without iron, the body cannot produce enough red blood cells. And low hemoglobin means not enough oxygen is being circulated around vital organs in the body, thus resulting in fatigue induced by low energy levels. Respiratory symptoms Experiencing shortness of breath, chest pains, and even noticing an irregular heartbeat could indicate a possible anemic condition. An iron deficiency lowers hemoglobin count, and this means not enough oxygen is being circulated by the blood. Low hemoglobin affects the breathing rate as the body struggles to extract more oxygen resulting in shortness of breath. The heart must also put in extra efforts to pump the low hemoglobin blood forcefully, thus resulting in irregular heartbeats. Doctors refer to this condition as heart palpitations. These symptoms can also induce chest pains due to the sheer stress being put on the organ. Pale skin and damaged hair Skin and hair symptoms are visible indicators of a developing anemia condition. An iron deficiency results in low red blood cell production and indirectly affects the shade of the skin. Pale skin is noticeably visible around the face, gums, lower lips, lower eyelids, and even on the nails. This symptom is more visually obvious among people who flaunt a lighter skin tone. Also, hair thinning, hair fall, and a damaged scalp is a clear sign of iron deficiency. Treatment options Note that anemia & hemophilia signs never overlap. Once the primary indicators are confirmed, doctors quickly suggest blood tests to identify the leading causes or triggers. Knowing the differences can help with prompt diagnosis even though both the conditions are bleeding disorders. It is even possible to recover from common forms of anemia within 2 to 3 months. Hemophilia is a more serious bleeding disorder that is treated by introducing the missing clotting factors. Doctors also suggest prescriptions that help stimulate the body to release more clotting factors. However, a transfusion offers more promising results for moderate to severe progression. Effective preventive measures and home remedies can help lower the risk of bleeding. These conditions cannot be completely cured. But it is possible to improve the quality of life by incorporating healthy lifestyle habits. Prescriptions and treatments only help slow down the disease progression.

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Top 10 Natural Remedies for Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a condition in which cells quickly build up on the skin’s surface. Depending on their skin tone, people with the condition may notice redness accompanied by silvery-white scales, salmon-colored patches, or purple skin patches with scales. The chronic condition can also cause itchiness, pain, cracks, and bleeding. It usually develops on the scalp, forehead, neck, and behind the ears. Stress, skin injury, weather, illnesses, and allergies are some common triggers of the condition. Understanding the condition Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition that often causes a lot of discomfort to the patient. While its exact causes are not known, health issues such as arthritis, insulin resistance, high cholesterol, and heart disease have also been linked to the disease. Its symptoms can range from itchiness, dry skin, and joint pain to pitted nails. Even though this long-term disease has no permanent cure, it can be managed based on the guidance of a healthcare expert. Further, a few effective natural remedies for psoriasis can also help provide relief. Natural remedies Olive oil Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which help fight inflammation, olive oil can relieve skin irritation. Patients dealing with the skin condition can apply small amounts of olive oil to the affected areas, such as elbows and the scalp. The oil can be massaged and gently rubbed into the skin to soften the scaly patches. For large patches of affected areas, two tablespoons of olive oil can be added to the bath to ease discomfort. Apple cider vinegar A common household ingredient, apple cider vinegar can exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. It can aid in reducing irritation and soreness experienced by people with psoriasis. Further, apple cider vinegar also has antiseptic properties that can prevent skin infections. The ingredient can either be diluted with water or used as it is, however, experts suggest diluting ACV with water in a 1:1 ratio to prevent any burning sensation. Further, it is advised not to use ACV on injured skin or if the skin is cracked. Baking soda Baking soda has antifungal properties, and it can help reduce the intensity of psoriasis patches. Additionally, baking soda can reduce inflammation in the affected areas and decrease one’s discomfort. Using a washcloth, a solution with 1 and a half spoonfuls of baking soda and 3 gallons of water can be applied to the skin to relieve the symptoms associated with the skin condition. If one experiences a burning sensation when applying the solution, baking soda can also be added to the bathwater. Turmeric This yellow spice is immensely helpful in reducing the number of psoriasis flare-ups. Turmeric also helps relieve inflammation and accelerate wound healing. As the spice contains curcumin, an antioxidant, it protects the skin by neutralizing free radicals. For optimum results, the spice can either be mixed with some juice and a spoonful of black pepper or added in tiny amounts to one’s everyday food while cooking. Oats One of the most effective and natural ways to soothe the skin, oats help reduce redness and itching caused by this inflammatory skin disease. So, the remedy can be adopted in the form of an oatmeal bath. Here, a cup of dry oats could be ground to a powder and dropped into the bathwater. Even though oats are incredibly beneficial in alleviating itching, sometimes they can make the skin feel immensely dry, exacerbating the discomfort of the patient. So, this remedy should be adopted with caution. Aloe vera This plant has antiseptic, antibacterial, and fungicidal properties. Aloe vera also works as a detoxifying agent and helps in the reduction of inflammation. Further, it provides a cooling sensation to help relieve irritated skin. The remedy can be used either in the form of the raw gel extract from the plant or as a topical cream 2–3 times a day to soothe the psoriasis flares. Yoga and meditation As stress is one of the major triggers of the condition, bringing down the stress levels might help in relieving the symptoms. Yoga and meditation help in reducing stress and helping the patient steer clear of any flares. Practicing meditation and yoga for 10–15 minutes every day can prove to be beneficial. Additionally, yoga also improves flexibility and eases joint pain, which could be common symptoms among people who are affected by psoriatic arthritis. Coconut oil A gentle massage using coconut oil on the skin can relieve dryness. This is an effective natural remedy for psoriasis as it traps moisture and helps the affected area stay moisturized for a longer time. A small amount of coconut oil should be gently rubbed on the psoriasis plaques to soothe the swelling and redness. In addition, virgin coconut oil can stop the growth of harmful bacteria and aid in avoiding infections. Tea tree oil Extracted from a plant in Australia, tea tree oil has been in use as a remedy for centuries. It boasts anti-inflammatory properties used to treat conditions such as athlete’s foot, nail fungus, and psoriasis. Research suggests that it can also help in the management of itchiness and pain often brought on by psoriasis. As it is concentrated, tea tree oil should be diluted with carrier oil to ensure safer application and increased efficiency. Oregon grape An evergreen plant, its bark, stem, and root are used for various healing purposes. It is also recommended for itchy and scaly skin, stomach problems, and other health conditions. The root of the plant has also been used to ease swelling and other uncomfortable skin symptoms, making it a popular natural remedy for psoriasis. Further, studies show that alkaloids, such as those found in the Oregon grape, can prevent the abnormal growth of skin cells. Before adopting the above-mentioned natural remedies for psoriasis, people with the condition should seek the guidance of a doctor.

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